বিড়ালের রোগ প্রতিরোধ করার জন্য টিকাদান আবশ্যিক। বিড়ালের কি কি টিকা কখন দেওয়া উচিৎ, তা জেনে রাখা ভালো।

একটি বিড়ালের ভ্যাকসিনের সময়সূচী হল একটি পরিকল্পনা যা আপনার বিড়ালকে কোন টিকা দিতে হবে এবং কখন সেগুলি গ্রহণ করা উচিত তার রূপরেখা দেয়। একটি মৌলিক বিড়াল ভ্যাকসিন সময়সূচীর জন্য নিম্নলিখিত একটি সাধারণ নির্দেশিকা:

বিড়ালছানা সিরিজ:

৮ থেকে ৯ সপ্তাহ: FVRCP ভ্যাকসিন (ফেলাইন ভাইরাল রাইনোট্রাকাইটিস, ক্যালিসিভাইরাস এবং প্যানলিউকোপেনিয়া থেকে রক্ষা করে)
১২ থেকে ১৬ সপ্তাহ: FVRCP এবং FeLV (ফেলাইন লিউকেমিয়া ভাইরাস) ভ্যাকসিন
বার্ষিক বুস্টার:

FVRCP এবং FeLV ভ্যাকসিন
ঐচ্ছিক ভ্যাকসিন:

জলাতঙ্ক ভ্যাকসিন (অনেক অঞ্চলে আইন দ্বারা প্রয়োজনীয়)
ফেলাইন ইমিউনোডেফিসিয়েন্সি ভাইরাস (এফআইভি) ভ্যাকসিন
Bordetella ভ্যাকসিন (শ্বাসযন্ত্রের সংক্রমণের ঝুঁকিতে থাকা বিড়ালদের জন্য)
এটি লক্ষ করা গুরুত্বপূর্ণ যে কিছু বিড়াল তাদের জীবনধারা এবং স্বতন্ত্র স্বাস্থ্যের প্রয়োজনের উপর ভিত্তি করে অতিরিক্ত বা বিকল্প ভ্যাকসিনের প্রয়োজন হতে পারে। আপনার বিড়ালের জন্য সেরা ভ্যাকসিনের সময়সূচী নির্ধারণ করতে একজন পশুচিকিত্সকের সাথে পরামর্শ করার পরামর্শ দেওয়া হয়।

A cat's vaccine schedule is a plan that outlines which vaccines your cat needs and when they should receive them. The following is a general guideline for a basic cat vaccine schedule:

Kitten series:

8 to 9 weeks: FVRCP vaccine (protects against feline viral rhinotracheitis, calicivirus, and panleukopenia)
12 to 16 weeks: FVRCP and FeLV (feline leukemia virus) vaccine
Annual boosters:

FVRCP and FeLV vaccines
Optional vaccines:

Rabies vaccine (required by law in many regions)
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) vaccine
Bordetella vaccine (for cats at risk of respiratory infections)
It is important to note that some cats may require additional or alternative vaccines based on their lifestyle and individual health needs. It is recommended to consult with a veterinarian to determine the best vaccine schedule for your cat.

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Feline Parvovirus (FPV) or Feline Distemper
Feline parvovirus (FPV) is a highly contagious viral disease that affects cats. It attacks the gastrointestinal tract and causes symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, and loss of appetite. FPV is spread through direct contact with infected feces or contaminated surfaces. It is preventable through vaccination, and treatment is available.
Synonyms of Feline Parvovirus (FPV)
Feline panleukopenia virus, feline distemper virus, feline infectious enteritis.
Aetiology of Feline Parvovirus (FPV)
Feline parvovirus (FPV) is caused by a single-stranded DNA virus of the Parvoviridae family. The virus attacks the rapidly dividing cells in the body, such as those found in the intestinal lining and bone marrow, leading to disease and symptoms. The virus is highly contagious and can be spread through direct contact with infected feces or contaminated surfaces. It can also be spread through contact with an infected cat or contaminated clothing, equipment, or food dishes.
Epidemiology of Feline Parvovirus (FPV)
Feline parvovirus (FPV) is a widespread and highly contagious disease that affects cats globally. The virus is spread through direct contact with infected feces or contaminated surfaces. It can also be spread through contact with an infected cat or contaminated clothing, equipment, or food dishes. Kittens and unvaccinated cats are most susceptible to the disease, but even vaccinated cats can become infected if they are exposed to a high dose of the virus. FPV outbreaks can occur in crowded environments, such as shelters, breeding catteries, and multi-cat households.
Transmission of Feline Parvovirus (FPV)
Feline parvovirus (FPV) is transmitted through direct contact with infected feces or contaminated surfaces. The virus can also be spread through contact with an infected cat or contaminated clothing, equipment, or food dishes. The virus is highly contagious and can persist in the environment for long periods, making it difficult to eradicate once it has been introduced into a location. The risk of transmission can be reduced by practicing good hygiene, regularly cleaning and disinfecting contaminated areas, and vaccinating cats against the virus.
Signs and Symptoms of Feline Parvovirus (FPV)
The signs and symptoms of feline parvovirus (FPV) can vary depending on the severity of the infection and can include:
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea (often bloody)
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Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) is a common and costly respiratory illness affecting cattle worldwide. Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of BRD in cattle. Find out how to protect your herd from this serious livestock disease.
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Ascardiasis most common parasitic roundworms of poultry a Field Clinical Study
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One of the most common parasitic roundworms of poultry (Ascaridia galli) occurs in chickens and turkeys.

Adult worms : one and a half to three inches long

Chickens of three to four months of age show resistance to infection.

found occasionally in eggs

probably live more than one year

N.B. Don't Try to give treatment based on these videos. Use your veterinary knowledge for diagnosis and Treatment.

Uterine Prolapse in Cow Field Clinical Case Study
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In dairy cattle, the condition is not thought to be inherited and seldom recurs in subsequent parturitions. Although the exact cause for an individual patient may be difficult to determine, predisposing causes include dystocia, tenesmus, and hypocalcemia. Primiparous cows can be affected, but pluriparous ones are probably at greater risk. Prolapse of the uterus also is fostered by confinement, lack of exercise, and gravitational effects when cattle are allowed to calve with their hindquarters lower than their forequarters, as happens when confined cows calve into the drop of conventional barns. Uterine atony is the common inciting cause and is frequently associated with hypocalcemia in multiparous dairy cattle.

Prolapse usually occurs within hours of calving and almost always within 24 hours of calving. Instances of uterine prolapse occurring several days following calving are cited by many practitioners but are extremely rare.

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Botulism in Duck Field Clinical Case Study

Typical clinical signs in birds with botulism include weakness, lethargy, inability to hold up the head or to fly. For waterfowl, this can be catastrophic because inability to hold up the head leads to drowning.

Milk Fever a Field Clinical Case Study

There are other factors that contribute to the development of hypocalcemia in dairy cattle, specifically age, breed, and endocrinologic factors such estrogen levels. With increasing age there is a reduced pool of calcium available for absorption from bone as a result of diminishing numbers of bone cells, and this is a reason why heifers, in whom osteoblastic activity is high, do not suffer from clinical milk fever.
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Viral shedding occurs by 7 days following infection. CDV is commonly spread by aerosol or droplet exposure; however, it can be isolated from most other body tissues and secretions, including urine.

Transplacental infection can occur from viremic dams.

Virus can be excreted up to 60 to 90 days after infection, although shorter periods of shedding are more typical.

Contact among recently infected (subclinical or diseased) animals maintains the virus in a population, and a constant supply of puppies helps provide a susceptible population for infection.

Although immunity to virulent canine distemper is prolonged or lifelong, it is not as absolute after vaccination. Dogs that do not receive periodic immunizations can lose their protection and become infected after stress, immunosuppression, or contact with diseased individuals.

Many susceptible dogs can become subclinically infected but clear the virus from the body without showing signs of illness. Although most recovered dogs clear the virus completely, some may harbor virus in their CNS. The prevalence rate of spontaneous distemper in cosmopolitan dogs is greatest between 3 and 6 months of age, correlating with the loss of maternal-derived antibodies (MDAs) in puppies after weaning. In contrast, in susceptible, isolated populations of dogs, the disease is severe and widespread, affecting all ages.